Roll crusher for producing cubical shaped fragments



A. M. G RASSE Dec. 14, 1954 ROLL CRUSHER FOR PRODUCING CUBICAL SHAPED FRAGMENTS Filed Feb. 3, 1953 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Dec. 14, 1954 A M GRASSE 2,696,949

ROLL CRUSHER FOR PRODUCING CUBICAL SHAPED FRAGMENTS Filed Feb. I5, 1953 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 .and bituminous concretefare-nowjrQharaQte Zedzb United States Patent() ROLL CRUSHER FOR PRQDUCINGCUBIGAL SHAPEDJFRAGMENTS Arthur'M Grasse, Chicago, Ill-,.assignorute Goodman Manufacturing ComparingI G hiago,-1ll a, corporation rot Illinois `more particularly tol anfirnproyedcrushen s v. A,

ducing` essentiallyA cubial..shaped i-fragnr tstgand acterzed by substantialzfreedom. immonet-.1.11.thetctushrng Process.

.Specifications for.crushed rncltenseddmiortlandic ment tially cubical in form withthe ar.r 19tl11t; o.,-splinletflilge material at a minimum.V ElTQItSzIO. neducaxthearnount-of such `splinter-likel materialby thewemploymentsof;,Crushers having crushing rolls of concave-convex configuration have not beenentirely,` successful because, of-rthe excesive amount of -dust 1 createdf inL the, crllh'ingtfoperation., .-Ihe Apresence of such dust; as;acoatinguponzrtheccrushed aggregates is objectionable as itrpreventsggoodrbond ofthe cement with the aggregates.

v1\CC0rding t0v the .present invention; mating: rolls; move at the same peripheral* speedtalongetheireentire; lineaof conjugation which istgtheg-line throught-the centen ofefthe rolls containing the .nipor,f;pont of closestrapproach `,of the rolls to each other. It isthereforepossibleicornpletely to. avoid the abovevmentiQned.,dust-producingyrubbing .p visions that substantially all-offthe material shallbetessen- A along the cylindrical faces; so.thatz as the mock -is Y crushed .between thev interdigita'tingrlands,l tthe. curvature of'fthe lands preventsfany substantial;.formationno splinterehke fragments `The form of thecurve in the.1andson each Crusher `roll is not critical,l and the formamayffbe'fthatuocircular-arcs described on a developed surface of the cylinderaofisuch roll. .The curves howevertrnayf. beninrthe rform-.ofnested V.ellipses, or the .portions of=y any .hyperbolaf onzparabola: havingsharply changingy radii. l

may zbe described bystthelandsaoneachcylinderaasf-long t In fact, any s xnuous: cur-ve asfthe rollsare conjugate andasllongasf'the'landsbinterdigitate andas long .asthe instantaneousfitanceor ,spacing between mating.' lands on opposite-rolls isthe samey across the entire ylengthiof-tlfle-y rollsA as the'vv-lands pass theline of conjugation.

With 1 the foregoingv con`siderations--in yemindf. it-isa principal object of the invention to provide a roll Crusher characterized1 by producing discrete rock particles of-sub -stantia'lly cubical conguratiomand' characterized -i n\1ts operation bythe absence off dust.

'Anotherobject is'to afford afrollt CrusherA Vassembled lands thereon which curve alongthe curving surface ofthe roll,'and which when' the rollsj are-coatinggfunction to viication takenv with `the drawingswhich..togethenshow a preferred embodiment of the' inventionard ,Whattisznow considered to bethe best Inode.,ofpract1c1ng,the principles thereof. Other embodiments. may` bevtsuggested. to those having thebenet ofthe teachings.,herein',A and itfis therefore intended that the zscope .of.. the i inyentiorrnot brerlimited .by `the precise` embodiment; hereinrshown.;.noreotherwise than by the spirit and purviewp11116,:'Claims/Silbjtlilldg.

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t .In-ithe drawings.; h

Fig- 1 iS a top plan Viewofiafrolkczushenfhanlnaemybodied.itaerein;rttlefitnaunfamentaaccording tothepresent finvention; 5 Eight.. 2 ist a ,Sider yiew of; tvthetorusherfgishown `r1i1iig.:.x 1

.showingtthe--gear trainffrrf! n .111. .C Sher.. 0.11.83

-f Fig. x 3 is auf. enlangedx.` end vieu/efe a. yportion.v-,offfthe crushing rolls shownrin v'E "i v,

Y Fia 4 is,v atdevelopedfmewiotiaportongcftheCrusher rolls-showniin EiggS takenralngihe 1i fvllffigf: .3, :and-showingnhow the: Gurfvedrlands. Qt;- eachrfothe. rolls interdigitatefatfthetlineo .com'ngacfyt i'Eig-S 1`is.a;-.re,tit1c1e 1. v. ...s etdevelonedwewo `oneof `the crusher rollsfshowing onerlnethnd; by which therlands .may be @onst-r.uctedniftlesired;

.-Figf. l6;:is anenlarge vSec.titznah wicwrftalsen; alongff the I,liner tie-'Grot Eig, 1; show'ng; thet-crushingraetiontaking place alongrthe surfac yof heuollsrasttheilands .tnrntwith the rolls-and approac line Qoniugacy; andr Fig. Tais-tai. sectional fyiewtal enal Aof Eig. 1. showing a; 1rne'ans forge-ad s ting1the :distance :between .the ftollsftn-saccordanc. with Ether-desired, sizeef vthe;orrushed'rockl Referring now particularly to lgsell zandgnoffthe drawings, fthe; irnprovcdyl r'oll yorusher according-tot the present invention -istvindicated:glltlallynby .the reference numeral' 10,- and ,includes aupaireofqspacd esidewframes, 11- -and12rwhicharelheldin Spad nelatiorishipgby end-frame .members .13. and; 14. L The,;spa.c.ed frames ll'randf 12; .sup- :port respectively.: bearingastandardsi 16tand.: 17:1havine 1.a main drive shaft 18 turning therein. A drivepulley 19 is madegf-ast to;,the,d-rive;;s l 1 aftlrat one endtthereoand r2 .f-COnnecte to any: convenient prime IlitlmY made fast; tothe.. opposite ha filt'nd mashesuwithratbulkgear23 madetfastfto .arcrusher rul1 .zshaft .I 24 supper-redinbearing Standards r25-l a'nd. 27, rmounted; respectively/on .the .frame members 113 andi 12,

crushelt rfolh28isrnade fastfttrfthecrusher roll-shaft 2 4, andl visginA yinterdigitating relationship y.withf a.'sirnilar erttSher rollty '2.9 madeifasttftola shaft; 31; supportedfin-movt able-z bearingrstandardsl and, 33, .mounted'frespectivgely in s slideways; 34, ,and-36. positioned ,oni topzofl thespaced side ,zfrarnemembers 11: and 12 respectively.

The' "two crusher. rolls: 28s andrz29a are: arranged1to-:tur-n .in f :opposite directions 1 -in t'synchronism bynmeansA of.. an idler; pinion 37 :meshing with the bull gear-.23! and: arranged f to turn .ona .stub shaft:38` extending from f thesside frame niemberilZ. Thel=idler.pinion "37 meshes `with an-idler pinion 39t .supported .on atfstubishafttllltheld. in a-par of arms" 42. andx43. .embracingthe pinion? '37l therebetween. The pinion'- 39 isheld inmeshtingfengagement with a bull .gear/ 43` -similar -to the -bull ygear# 23 andzfast'fto the shaft 231..supporting the. oru'sher rolli -29 which is complement-ary to.'the1crusherroll 23. Ast-seen -in FiggZHthe-pinion-f l isheld in suchfmeshingv engagementwith1 the/*bull gear 43-and by a painotl-arms'44-and'46; one end-Lofl each of such arms* being J.stmpor-,ted upon lt-hef'roll shaft; 31. m It will' be seen--`that^'thebull;l gear/'43, 'may-.be moved towards oraway-from ithe -b'ull'f-gea-ri 231; while-the, two are drivenat identical 'speeds but* infdiierent directions. 'The' crusher-roll^29 fis arranged-to"l be moved-y to or 'from -the -crusher; roll *ZS-.-accordingto the size` of the material'to bevcru'shed therebetween; and' to this en d each of Hthe' guidewaysfV 34 arid-Mds:l provided with4 al vertically movable, wedge 47 which'coacts-WithY a'xed wedgesur` face 48l ofthe; guideways 34. andjt anda movable Wedge surface 49 v'vhichis4 movable with-the sliding bearing supportsz and; r3.3. ".Thewetleeetl.- is' locked intQ'- posi- 'tiOn' by an adjusting nutS, ,.threadedto a 'stud52 extendi ing' from "the: upper, side ,.o, the,.wedge"47, and through the upperpart. othe; gnideways 3.47 and 3.6'. It ,.v'vi11th11s be seenthatthe wedgesA'l pofsitionlhe rolls.2,8 and29 .a desired. Hdistance... ,apart according t0- the. desired. 'Size `of. the- Acrushed material,

,Thef two-rolls 281; and,.. 2r9,are adapted to move `apart to atscoinnrncdate `the, presence. 0f; .trama t iron., .,or. Aother material not capable of beingzorusheldflbydthe .ro11,s-,.so u that...the,r.0lls .28.and.-29.wi11 not hecomedamaaed- .To,.th,is..enjd1. each-@0i :the shiftable..hearipgrsniipvntsv32 ajtenfed Dec. 14,519544 and 33 are arranged to move against the forc of a pair -of spiral compresslon springs 53,`one end Aof which' is bottomed against the shiftable bearing 32 or 33 and the other end bearing against an abutment 54 which is adjusted in its position by an adjusting screw 56 threaded into the end spacer member 14.

According to the present invention the Crusher rolls 28 and 29 are constructed so as to have lands 57 which extend in a smooth continuous curve for the length of the roll as seen more clearly in Fig. 4, which view is developed from a portion of the crusher roll 29. The precise form in cross section of each of thelands 57 is not important to the invention, nor is the precise form of the curve that each such land takes throughout the length of either of the crusher rolls, but it is important that all portions of the curve upon which such lands lie have in the case of a smooth continuous curve, a radius between L and 3/2 L, and, in the case of a curve having constantly changing radii, each of the radii between L and 3/2 L where L is the length of the roll, so that at the line of conjugacy which is the line through the center of the crushing rolls containing the nip or the point of closest approach of the rolls to each other, of the complementary rolls 28 and 29 no opportunity will be afforded for the presence between such interdigitating lands of elongated or needle-like fragments. As seen in Fig. 4, a fragment of rock caught between a pair of interdigitating ribs 57 at or near their line of conjugacy 1s broken into a number of essentially cubical shaped fragments F. As seen in Fig. 6, larger fragments of rock F2 are nipped or caught between the lands 57 as they converge towards each other, so that when the lands approach the line of conjugacy the fragments F2 will have been broken into the smaller particles F as seen in Fig. 4.

Referring now to Fig. 5, there is shown a reduced in scale developed view of one of the crushing rolls 28 or 29. This view is merely for the purpose of illustrating one method whereby the lands 57 may be laid out on such crushing roll. As seen in this view, the crushing roll has a length L, and the lands 57 are laid out on such developed surface on arcs having a radius between limits, by way of example of L to 3L/ 2. Each of such lands 57 may be `separated from each other any suitable distance, which forpurposes of explanation herein is called the pitch distance, PD. As seen in Fig. 6, the dimensions of each land 57 and the distance between each is such that as the rolls 28 and 29 rotate in synchronism, a desired distance is maintained between the rolls 28 and 29 at their line of conjugacy, which distance may of course be varied by the setting of the wedges 47.

It will be noted from the foregoing description that the Crusher rolls 28 and 29 are identical in shape. It will be noted also that the two rolls turn with identical peripheral speeds. Since the two rolls turn with identical speeds there will be no rolling or sliding action of a rock fragment caught by the rolls, as would be the case where the rolls are of concave-convex configuration. Because of the fact that the rolls turn at the identical peripheral speed there will be no abrading of the rock fragments with the consequent substantial elimination of dust.

Since the rock being fragmented by the cooperating rolls is caused always to distribute itself in arcuate or curving channels defined by the curving of the lands 57, and defined also by the presence in such space between contiguous lands of a land of -the cooperating roller, particularly at the line of conjugacy thereof, all such particles of rock will be caused to be fragmented at such line of conjugacy in substantially cubical fragments, at the same time with the elimination of dust.

The spacing or distance C (Fig. 3), between the mating lands 57 on the opposite rolls 28, 29 is the same across the entire length of the rolls so as to produce a uniformlycrushed size of cubical particle all the way across the rolls. The distance or spacing C is measured between the sides of the opposed lands as the lands pass the line of conjugation and the distance or spacing C is preferably substantially a number of times greater thanthe nip. The distance C is the same throughout the entire length of the rolls as a result of employing a uniform pitch distance PD, Fig. 5, and uniform thickness of land across the entire length of the rolls with identical curves of the land on each of the rolls,

While the invention has been described in an embodiment where the cooperating lands 57 of the mating rolls 28 and 29 are constructed as arcs of a circle upon the developed surface of each cylindrical roll, it is contemplated also that such ribs be drawn on curves which are parts of an ellipse particularly at the parts of such ellipse where radius is changing at its greatest rate, or as parts of an hyperbola or a parabola, particularly at portions of such curves where the radius of curvature is changing at its greatest rate.

While the invention has been described in terms of a preferred embodiment thereof, it is intended that the invention shall include all such other forms which have been alluded to, or which fall within the equivalents of such other forms. The scope of the invention, therefore, is not intended to be limited by the precise embodiment herein shown, nor otherwise than by the scope and purview of the claims here appended.

I claim as my invention:

l. In a roll crusher, a pair of cylindrical rolls having cooperable outer crushing surfaces, each of said roll surfaces having interdigitating lands thereon, each of said lands being generated as segments of curves each having a radius between L and 3/ 2 L where L is the roll length, said curves being symmetrical to a plane bisecting each of said rolls and normal to the axis of rotation thereof and extending in a smooth continuously curving path along the length of its roll, a mounting for spacing said rolls a predetermined distance apart, and means for synchronizing the speeds of said rolls to maintain said lands in irlerdigitating relationship but out of contact with each o er.

2. In a roll crusher, a pair of cylindrical rolls having cooperable outer crushing surfaces, each of said roll surfaces having interdigitating lands thereon, each of said lands being generated as a curve having continuously sharply changing radii on a developed surface of each of said rolls and extending in a continuously curving path along the length of its roll each of said radii of said curve having a magnitude of between L and 3/ 2 L where L in the length of its roll, a mounting for spacing said rolls a predetermined distance apart, and means for synchronizing the speeds of said rolls to maintain said lands in interdigitating relationship but out of contact with each other,

3. In a roll crusher, a pair of identical rolls having cooperable outer crushing surfaces and identical peripheral speeds, each of said roll surfaces having interdigitating lands thereon, each of said lands being identical and extending along the length of its roll in a continuously curving path having continuously sharply changing radii, each of said radii having a magnitude between L and 3/2 L where L is the length of the roll, a mounting for spacing said rolls 'a predetermined distance apart, and means for synchronizing the speeds of said rolls to maintain said lands in interdigitating relationship but out of contact with each other.

4. In a roll crusher, a pair of identical crusher rolls having cooperable outer crushing surfaces and identical peripheral speeds, each of said crushing surfaces having interdigitating lands thereon, each of said lands extending in a continuously curving path along the length of its roll, said path having a radius between L and 3/2 L where L is the length of the roll, a mounting for spacing said rolls a predetermined distance apart, and means for synchronizing the speeds of said rolls tomaintain said lands in interdigitating relationship but out of contact with each other.

5. In a roll crusher, a pair of rolls having cooperable outer crushing surfaces, both of which are cylindrical, said roll surfaces comprising a plurality of interdigitatingly intermeshing teeth, each of said teeth extending in a continuously curving path across the length of its roll, the teeth on each roll having uniform thickness and uniform pitch across the length of the roll, a mounting for spacing said rolls a predetermined distance apart, and means for synchronizing the speeds of said rollsto maintain the teeth in interdigitating meshing relationship but out of contact with one another.

6. The structure defined in claim 5, wherein the pair of rolls are identical.

7. The structure dened in claim 5, wherein the diameters of the pair of cylindrical rolls are the same.

8. The structure defined in claim 5, wherein the pair of rolls have the same peripheral speed.

9. The structure defined in claim 5, wherein all teeth on both rolls are identical.

10. In a roll crusher, a pair of identical rolls having cooperable outer crushing surfaces and identical peripheral speeds, each of said crushing surfaces comprising a plurality of interdigitating identical lands each extending in a continuously curving path along the length of its roll with each of the lands having uniform thickness and uniform pitch throughout the full length thereof, a mounting spacing said rolls a predetermined distance apart, and means synchronizing the speeds of said rolls to maintain said lands in interdigitating relationship but out of contact with each other.

11. In a roll crusher, a pair of rolls having cooperable outer crushing surfaces, both of which are cylindrical, each of said roll surfaces having interdigitating lands thereon, each of said lands extending in a continuously curving path along the length of its roll, the lands on each roll having uniform thickness and uniform pitch across the length of said rolls, a mounting for spacing said rolls a predetermined distance apart, and means for synchronizing the speeds of said rols to maintain said lands in irerdigitating relationship but out of contact with each o er.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 125,160 Alexander Apr. 2, 1872 1,219,927 Dibbets Mar. 20, 1917 2,434,938 Latture Jan. 27, 1948 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 117,585 Great Britain July 25, 1918 

